Varicoceles can cause discomfort and may be associated with fertility concerns in some men. If symptoms are persistent or affecting your quality of life—or if you’re exploring fertility options—an evaluation can help confirm the diagnosis and discuss treatment pathways such as varicocele embolization.
Scrotal aching, heaviness, or a feeling of enlarged veins can have several causes. One common cause is a varicocele, which is an enlargement of veins in the scrotum—often described as a ‘bag of worms’ feeling.
At a glance:
Scrotal discomfort is not always a varicocele. Other conditions can cause similar symptoms and may require different treatment.
Evaluation often starts with a symptom review and exam. Many patients also undergo a scrotal ultrasound to confirm findings and assess anatomy. If fertility is a concern, some patients coordinate evaluation with urology or fertility specialists.
If you have a confirmed varicocele and symptoms (or fertility concerns) that warrant treatment, varicocele embolization may be an option. It is a minimally invasive, image-guided approach designed to close the problematic veins and reroute blood through healthier pathways—without open surgery.
If sudden severe testicular pain: seek emergency care immediately
Medical information on this page is for general education and is not a substitute for personalized medical advice. If you believe you have an emergency, call 911.
A varicocele is an enlargement of veins in the scrotum. It can cause aching or heaviness and may be associated with fertility concerns in some patients.
No. Many are mild and don’t require treatment. Treatment is usually considered when there is persistent discomfort, testicular changes, or fertility concerns—based on evaluation.
No. Infection, hernia, and torsion can also cause scrotal pain. Evaluation is important—especially if symptoms are new, severe, or worsening.
Varicocele embolization is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure that closes the affected veins (often using coils or plugs) to reduce symptoms and reroute blood flow.
It is typically performed through a small catheter (no large incision). Most patients go home the same day, but recovery varies.
Many patients return to normal activities relatively quickly, but recovery depends on your situation. Your provider will review timelines and restrictions.
Some patients may see improvements in semen parameters after treatment, but outcomes vary. If fertility is the main concern, coordination with urology/fertility specialists is often helpful.